AMERICAN GOVERNMENT /美国政府

A. Principals of American Democracy / 美国民主原则

1. 美国的最高法律是什么?What is the supreme law of the land?

▪ 宪法the Constitution

2. 宪法的作用是什么?What does the Constitution do?

▪ 建立政府体制sets up the government

▪ 定义政府defines the government

▪ 保护美国人的基本权利protects basic rights of Americans

3. 宪法的前三个字说明自治的概念,这三个字是什么?The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?

▪ 我们人民We the People

4. 什么是修正案?What is an amendment?

▪ (宪法的)更正a change (to the Constitution)

▪ (宪法的)补充an addition (to the Constitution)

5. 宪法的前十项修正案称为什么?What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

▪ 权利法案the Bill of Rights

6. 列举宪法第一条修正案中的一项权利或自由。What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?

▪ 言论自由speech

▪ 宗教自由religion

▪ 集会结社的自由assembly

▪ 出版自由press

▪ 向政府请愿的自由petition the government

7. 宪法有几条修正案?How many amendments does the Constitution have?

▪ 二十七 (27) 条twenty-seven (27)

8. 「独立宣言」的作用是什么?What did the Declaration of Independence do?

▪ 宣布美国(脱离英国而)独立announced our independence (from Great Britain)

▪ 宣告美国(脱离英国而)独立declared our independence (from Great Britain)

▪ 表示美国(脱离英国而)独立said that the United States is free (from Great Britain)

9. 列举「独立宣言」中的两项权利。What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?

▪ 生命(的权利)life

▪ 自由(的权利) liberty

▪ 追求幸福(的权利)pursuit of happiness

10. 什么是宗教自由?What is freedom of religion?

▪ 你可以信仰任何宗教,也可以不信仰任何宗教。You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.

11. 美国的经济制度是什么?What is the economic system in the United States?

▪ 资本主义经济capitalist economy

▪ 市场经济market economy

12. 「法治」是什么?What is the “rule of law”?

▪ 人人都应遵守法律。Everyone must follow the law.

▪ 领导人必须遵守法律。Leaders must obey the law.

▪ 政府必须遵守法律。Government must obey the law.

▪ 没有任何人在法律之上。No one is above the law.

Part B: 政治体制 System of Government

13. 列举政府体制的一个分支或部门。Name one branch or part of the government.

▪ 国会Congress

▪ 立法部门legislative

▪ 总统President

▪ 行政部门executive

▪ 法院the courts

▪ 司法部门judicial

14. 什么防止一个政府分支变得过于强大?What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?

▪ 制衡checks and balances

▪ 权力分立separation of powers

15. 谁负责行政部门?Who is in charge of the executive branch?

▪ 总统the President

16. 谁制定联邦法律?Who makes federal laws?

▪ 国会Congress

▪ 参议院及众议院Senate and House (of Representatives)

▪ (美国或国家)立法部门 (U.S. or national) legislature

17. 美国国会由哪两个部分组成?What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

▪ 参议院与众议院the Senate and House (of Representatives)

18. 美国参议员有几位?How many U.S. Senators are there?

▪ 一百 (100) 位one hundred (100)

19. 我们选出的美国参议员任职多少年?We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?

▪ 六 (6) 年six (6)

20. 您所在州的现任一位美国参议员的名字是什么?Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators now?

▪ 答案依所在州不同而异。哥伦比亚特区和美国领土的居民可答:哥伦比亚特区当地(或应试居民所在领地)没有美国参议员。Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C.(or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. Senators.]

21. 众议院中有投票权的众议员有几位?The House of Representatives has how many voting members?

▪ 四百三十五 (435) 位four hundred thirty-five (435)

22. 我们选出的美国众议员任职多少年?We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?

▪ 两 (2) 年two (2)

23. 列举您所在选区的美国众议员的名字 。

▪ 答案依所在州不同而异。住在没有投票权的美国领地当地代表或专员之应试者可以说明当地代表或专员的姓名。说明自己选区没有国会(投票)代表也是可接受的答案。Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners may

provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory hasno (voting) Representatives in Congress.]

24. 美国参议员代表何人?Name your U.S. Representative.

▪ 其所在州的所有人民all people of the state

25. 为什么有些州的众议员人数比其他州多?Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?

▪ (由于)该州的人口 (because of) the state’s population

▪ (由于)该州有更多人口 (because) they have more people

▪ (由于)该州的人口比其他州多 (because) they have more people

26. 我们选出的总统任职多少年?We elect a President for how many years?

▪ 四 (4) 年four (4)

27. 我们在哪一个月选总统?In what month do we vote for President?

▪ 十一月November

28. 现任美国总统的名字是什么?What is the name of the President of the United States now?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索美国总统的姓名。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the President of the United States.

29. 现任美国副总统的名字是什么?What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索美国副总统的姓名。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Vice President of the United States.

30. 如果总统不能视事,则由谁成为总统?If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?

▪ 副总统the Vice President

31. 如果总统和副总统都不能视事,则由谁成为总统?If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?

▪ 众议院议长 the Speaker of the House

32. 谁是三军统帅?Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?

▪ 总统 the President

33. 谁签署法案使之成为法律?Who signs bills to become laws?

▪ 总统the President

34. 谁否决法案?Who vetoes bills?

▪ 总统the President

35. 总统的内阁做什么事?What does the President’s Cabinet do?

▪ 向总统提出建议advises the President

36. 两个内阁级别的职位是什么?What are two Cabinet-level positions?

▪ 农业部长Secretary of Agriculture

▪ 商务部长Secretary of Commerce

▪ 国防部长Secretary of Defense

▪ 教育部长Secretary of Education

▪ 能源部长Secretary of Energy

▪ 健康与人类服务部长Secretary of Health and Human Services

▪ 国土安全部长Secretary of Homeland Security

▪ 住宅与都市发展部长Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

▪ 内政部长Secretary of the Interior

▪ 劳工部长Secretary of Labor

▪ 国务卿Secretary of State

▪ 交通部长Secretary of Transportation

▪ 财政部长Secretary of the Treasury

▪ 退伍军人事务部长Secretary of Veterans Affairs

▪ 司法部长Attorney General

▪ 副总统Vice President

37. 司法部门做什么?What does the judicial branch do?

▪ 审查法律reviews laws

▪ 解释法律explains laws

▪ 解决争议(意见不一致)resolves disputes (disagreements)

▪ 决定某一法律是否牴触宪法decides if a law goes against the Constitution

38. 美国最高法院是什么?What is the highest court in the United States?

▪ 联邦最高法院the Supreme Court

39. 最高法院有几位大法官?How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索美国最高法院的法官人数。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the number of justices on the Supreme Court.

40. 现任联邦首席大法官是谁?Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索美国最高法院首席法官的姓名。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Chief Justice of the United States.

41. 根据我国宪法,有些权力属于联邦政府,联邦政府的一项权力是什么?Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?

▪ 印制钞票to print money

▪ 宣战to declare war

▪ 创立军队to create an army

▪ 签订条约to make treaties

42. 根据我国宪法,有些权力属于州政府 。州政府的一项权力是什么?Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states?

▪ 提供教育provide schooling and education

▪ 提供保护(警员)provide protection (police)

▪ 提供安全(消防局)provide safety (fire departments)

▪ 提供驾驶执照give a driver’s license

▪ 批准区划与土地使用approve zoning and land use

43. 您居住州的现任州长是谁?Who is the Governor of your state now?

▪ 答案依居住州不同而异。哥伦比亚特区的居民应回答:我们没有州长。Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a Governor.]

44. 您居住州的首府是哪里?What is the capital of your state?

▪ 答案依居住州不同而异。哥伦比亚特区居民应回答哥伦比亚特区不是一个州,没有首府。美国领地居民应回答居住领地的首府。Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]

45. 美国当今两大政党为何?What are the two major political parties in the United States?*

▪ 民主党与共和党Democratic and Republican

46. 现任总统属于哪个政党?What is the political party of the President now?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索总统的政党。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the political party of the President

47. 现任国会众议院议长的名字是什么?What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?

▪ 浏览 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 搜索众议院议长的姓名。Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Part C: 权利与责任Rights and Responsibilities

48. 宪法中有四个关于谁可以投票的修正案,试举一个。There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.

▪ 十八 (18) 岁以上的公民(可以投票)。Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).

▪ 您投票不必缴钱(缴投票税)。You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.

▪ 任何公民都可以投票(男性与女性都可以投票)。Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)

▪ 任何种族的男性公民(都可以投票)。A male citizen of any race (can vote).

49. 列举一项美国公民才有的责任?What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?

▪ 当陪审员serve on a jury

▪ 在联邦选举中投票vote in a federal election

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